Fiber optic cable,or simply fiber,contains one or several glass or plastic fibers at its center,or core,Data is transmitted via pulsing light sent from a laser (in the case of 1- and 10-gigabit technologies)or an LED (light emitting diode)through the central fibers.Surrounding the fibers is a layer of glass or plastic called cladding.The cladding has a different density from the glass or plastic in the strands.This reflection allows this fiber to bend around corners without diminishing the integrity of the light based signal.Outside the cladding,aplastic buffer protects the cladding and cord,Because the buffer is opaque,it also absorbs any light that might escape,To prevent the cable from stretching,and to protect the inner cord further,strands of Kevlar surround the plastic buffer,a plastic sheath covers the strands of Kevlar.

Like twisted pair and coaxial cabling, fiber optic cabling comes in a number of different varieties,depending on its intended use and the manufacturer.For example fiber-optic cables used to connect the facilities of large telephone and data carrier may contain as many as 1000 fiber and be heavily sheathed to prevent damage from extreme environmental conditions.At the other end of the spectrum, fiber optic patch cables for use on LANs may contain only two strands of fiber and be pliable enough to wrap around your hand.Because each strand of glass in a fiber optic cable transmits in one direction only -in simplex fashion -two strands are needed for full-duplex communication,one solution is to use a zip cord cable,in which two strands are combined side by side in conjoined jackets. You will find zip cord where fiber optic cable spans relatively short distances short distances such as connecting a server and switch.A zip cord may come in one of many types of connectors on its ends as described later in this section. the most significant drawback to the use of fiber is that covering a certain distance with fiber optic cable is more expensive than using twisted pari cable also,fiber optic cable requires special equipment to splice,which means that quickly repairing a fiber optic cable in the field can be difficult ,fiber's characteristics are summarized in the following list:

Cost-fiber optic cable is the most expensive transmission medium ,because of its cost most organizations find it impractical to run fiber to every desktop not only is the cable itself more expensive than copper cabling but fiber optic transmitters and connectivity equipment can cost a much as five times more than those designed for UTP networks In addition,hiring skilled fiber cable installed costs more hiring twisted pari cable installed.A variety of high quality single mode and multimode fibre, LC-LC Patch Cable assemblies in various configurations and lengths. All fibre patch leads are LSOH rate. Ultimate versions are available in grey or orange with our single mode patch leads being available in yellow. Fibre patch cables are recommended for connections between fibre patch panels, hubs, switches, media converters and routers, etc. Fibre optic cables provide higher speeds and increased bandwidth, compared to conventional twisted-pair copper cable.

Connectors-wiht fiber cabling,you can use any of 10 different types of connectors :the SC,ST ,LC,and MT-RJ，Existing fiber networks might use ST or SC connectors,However,LC and MT-RJ connector are used on the very latest fiber optic technology,LC and MT-RJ connectors are used on the very or latest fiber -optic technology,LC and MT-RJ connectors are preferable to ST and SC connectors because of their smaller size which allows for a higher density of connections at each termination point, LC Patch Cables provide physical separation for up to 12 networks, applications or organizations.The MT-RJ connector is unique because it contains two strands of strands of fiber in a single ferrule,which is short tube within connector that encircles the fiber and keeps it properly aligned,With two strands in each ferrule,a single MT-RJ connector provides for full duplex signaling,linking single mode and multimode portions of a network.Refer to figure to see a converter that connects multitude fiber with an ethernet network using UTP.

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