May 30, 2014

Cost factors restricting the development of 10GbE Ethernet

Of course, we will be told that this year will be the year 10Gb / s Ethernet great development over the past few years as we have been repeatedly told that. The reason is not because of technical ability -? 10 gigabit ethernet sfp has stabilized for some time - but because of the cost.

When 1000 base-t technology dominate the market, you can take 10/100 of your device is inserted into the 10/100/1000 switch, and then it can work.More important, 1 gb/SEC Ethernet port on a switch cost has dropped to very low, so that if we don't need to maintain high throughput on these links, we all feel that they spend money on port.If we need 1 gb/SEC Ethernet is there, even if we don't need most of the time.

Some people believe that 10 gb/SEC Ethernet will follow the same pattern, but even the optimists are also beginning to forecast by 10 gbase - 2014 T to be made more than the alternative solution deployment.Even if by that time, we are still going to deal with the various types of 10 gbe interface type.The price is still an obstacle.The price of each switch port 1000 base-t can only $10, but the most common type of 10GBASE SFP+ - the switch port cost is 300 dollars, I expect this costs can drop to below $200 by the end of the year.10 gbase - T still more expensive than the unit switch port costs of SFP +, and compared with the SFP +, 10 gbase - T more rare on the market.

Cisco will tell you the opportunity 10Gbase-T is now. Of course, it must rely on something like "unit Gb costs" kind of lying in order to convince people. Most companies are not prepared to increase the bandwidth of the connection, so just imagine that we will do it only shows trying to sell 10GbE vendors completely unwilling to participate in the 10GbE market commercialization in the past.

Clever powerpoint slides can talk "10 times more bandwidth, only three times the cost", but it is only used in the mainstream of avoiding real problem: most businesses don't need to be 10 times the bandwidth, and is not willing to pay 3 times the cost.

If you are switching infrastructure is Cisco end - to - end , you may not care about how cost . You may not care about the SFP + $ 100 or $ 300 straight cable 's 1000base-sx sfp transceiver module . If your business depends on commodity SME switches, then you - like me - would have been free to use almost 1Gb / s link , 10GbE down until a reasonable price level.

Cisco , Juniper and other vendors are not prepared to promote commercialization. They have been marginalized in the face of market problems in 2013 . Software-defined networking is increasingly becoming a threat , eventually it will be possible crowding out of our core infrastructure for decades with these vendors of proprietary products.

Intel has vigorously to 10 gbe configuration to the motherboard and promote its commercialization.All servers in the future will be ready to use 10 gbe, but for many companies, they will be no one to dialogue.

As a giant switch chip, Intel can choose tomorrow, let 10Gbase-T Explosive appear on the market within a quarter. The company produces excellent 10GbE switch chip - with a very low price to D-Link or Netgear will rewrite the pattern of the entire market.


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May 27, 2014

10G SFP + optical module integrated solutions

10G SFP + optical module overall solution is a complete demonstration of the work of the demodulated optical transceiver solutions, mainly used in small plug (SFP +).

This solution shortens the time of the customer design and cost saving customers, without sacrificing performance.By putting TI laser driver ONET1101, limiting amplifier ONET8501 and powerful combination of MSP430 MCU to an SFP + multi-source agreement standard package, achieve the above goals.

1, the introductionEnhanced the small plug (SFP +) is a compact, hot-swappable transceiver, used for 10 g telecommunications and data communications applications.This is a popular industrial format, developed jointly by many system components manufacturers and provide good support.Overall dimensions and electrical interfaces are prescribed by a multi-source agreement (MSA).

Having the complete laser driver, limiting amplifier, optical transceiver application product line, and combined with TI powerful MCU, so TI is able to provide customers with a complete set of SFP + design solutions.We choose for the 10GBASE SFP+ 11.3 G ONET1101 laser driver, ONET8501, limiting amplifier, MSP430 MCU.

The application shows that relates to 10 km based SFP + 10 g DML design details and test solution: including module schematic diagram, PCB layout, firmware, BOM and debugging skills;Also includes evaluation board schematic diagram, PCB layout, GUI, BOM and test results.

2, the SFP + module figure

0010Includes an sfp plus transceiver (laser driver ONET1101 + DML NEC NX8341), a receiver (ROSA + Limiting Amplifier ONET8501) and a control module (MCU MSP430FR573 .

3, the transmitterThe transmitter converts the electrical signal to an optical signal. The laser driver ONET1101 amplifying an input signal as the modulation signal, and to provide a bias DC current DML. ONET1101L is a high speed, 3.3V laser driver for 2 to 11.3Gbps data rate directly modulated lasers.

4 ReceiverThe receiver converts the optical signal into an electrical signal.Limiting amplifier ONET8501PB to enlarge the transformed signal for the receiver output.ONET8501PB is a high-speed, 3.3 V limiting amplifier, data rate for 2 to 11.3 Gbps optical fiber and copper cable applications.


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May 26, 2014

By the time 2016 transceiver module market will reach $3.3 billion

With the development of the technology of 100 - Gbps, adjustable SFP + optical transceiver module market is the overall expansion.According to the latest release Infonetics 40 g / 10 g / 100 g optical transceiver module size of the market and forecast, optical transceiver module market is expected to reach $3.3 billion.

The report tracks used in optical transmission, enterprises, carriers routing and switching field 10-Gbps ,40-Gbps ,100-Gbps optical transceiver modules and converters.

"2012 will be crucial for 100G year, many new equipment manufacturers equipment put into use," Infonetics Research analyst Andrew Schmitt said, "operators to upgrade its fiber-optic network and the launch of a coherent network, will drive in 2013 optical components market demand. Meanwhile, in the tunable XFP dominant role, 10G WDM interfaces will continue to grow. Additionally, the data center fiber optic sfp module explosive growth in demand will occur.

In fact, some trend has appeared.For example, in 2010, compared to the 2011-10 Gbps SFP + optical transceiver module shipments grew nearly doubled.Infonetics expected until 2016, the demand of the 10g sfp module will remain the compound annual growth rate of 40%.At the same time, as the market is added some new suppliers, in 2011, tunable XFP shipments has increased by three times.And WDM function module shipments in 2011 also increased by 24%.



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May 23, 2014

The Design of Cable Jumper for 2.5G & beyond SFP Optical Interface

Traditionally, the maximum transmission rate of the electricity-based SFP is 1G, lacking the technology and product to convey the 2.5 G&beyond high-speed links.At present, optical transmission is the primary way to support 2.5 G&beyond high-speed SFP links.

Based on common cable materials, this paper employs electromagnetic field and circuits joint-simulations to design low-cost, high-quality SFP cable jumper in order to replace the 3G&below SFP fiber jumper which is composed of high-speed optical module and fiber.

1. Application Requirements

Small Form-Factor Pluggable SFP (Small Form Pluggables) module is pin High-speed optical interconnect interface and design, 1000base-sx sfp transceiver module interface commonly used rate has 155Mbps, 1.25Gbps and 2.5Gbps, the highest rate of up to 10Gbps, more mining With LC connector. The widely used SFP optical modules exist several disadvantages:

1)sfp transceiver module contains expensive lasers and photodetectors, use, and maintenance costs Higher;

2)light jumper connection and laying certain technical requirements, ease of use is not Strong;

3)SFP optical module is active devices, not only there is a big power, and capacity

Easy to aging and failure.

Electrical link optical link compared to the cost and stability, ease of use has a more Big advantage, but there is more than ripe for the 1G SFP electrical interface Ethernet link Road, no more than 2.5G technology and products for high-speed links. This design Based on the general design of the cable material cost, high-quality SFP cable jumpers in Upon completion of up to 3Gbps data transfer within 10 meters range, short-range connections Now replace the optical module and cable.

2.Technical design

SFP design is a high-speed signal integrity problems, and gigabit sfp ports is passUse of connectors, the input and output interface should comply with the national standard.This design from the basic.The transmission line.For planar transmission line, first of all it is dispersive, affect the letter.Transmission;Second on the transfer if there is discontinuous, will not introduce circuit.Reflection, impact continuity, input, output and transmission performance;The third is the transport.There is a radiation and mutual coupling between lines.This design USES the electromagnetic field and circuit of the imitation.True technology, choose appropriate transmission line, optimization design, structure and size effectively.To overcome the effects of the above three points.

In order to reduce the cost of production, PCB board selects the dielectric constant is about 4.3 FR4 multilayer board, a total thickness of 1 mm.According to the design requirements, SFP is poor Impedance: 100 + 10 Ω;Ω single-ended impedance: 50 plus or minus 2.PCB board is divided into three zones.Domain to carry on the design.001

Code rate 5 GBPS signal output eye diagram


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May 22, 2014

The mechanism of the new SFP tunable semiconductor laserTunable

semiconductor laser is one of the key components of the next generation optical network.Typical Bragg grating (DBR) tunable semiconductor laser (SGDBR, DS - DBR) has a wide tuning range, such as edge mode rejection ratio and wavelength switching high speed etc, the making craft of this kind of device is more complicated, however, involves the active/passive waveguide integrated, secondary epitaxial growth technology, etc.

In recent years, based on slotted Fabry - Perot (single mode fiber transceiver), the structure of laser caused great interest of researchers, the main reason is that the device has a simple production process, a single epitaxial growth and ordinary lithography process), and is expected to be based on this kind of structure has developed a new, low-cost tunable semiconductor laser.

Professor Yu Yonglin research group optoelectronic device functionality integrated with laboratory research group with Professor L. Barry Dublin City University collaboration on three sections SFP tunable semiconductor lasers were studied. Through detailed characterization of the slot structure constructed device models, simulation results and actual test results obtained coincide. The study not only reveals the tuning mechanism of three sections small form-factor pluggable transceiver, but also has some significance for the optimization design of the device. The study, published in the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics optoelectronic device simulation album (Vol.15, No.3, Sep / Oct, 2013) on.

The research was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and international cooperation projects in support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Education Doctoral Program and the Ministry of Science and Principal Investigator projects in Ireland and Irish Enterprise Partnership project.

Figure 1 three SFP tunable semiconductor laser structure diagram

f:id:siaorry:20140522112807p:plain


Figure 2 three SFP tunable semiconductor lasers lasing spectra superimposed on simulation results

f:id:siaorry:20140522112821p:plain

 


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May 21, 2014

Whether the data center market excessive enthusiasm for 100 g

Recently, the Ethernet technology summit held in Santa Clara, California. Conference on Microsoft Brad Booth made ​​a speech "build cloud computing centers," he shared his foreseeable future data centers with everyone: all the components including the data center optical transceiver is updated every three years. Someone dared challenge: Why not upgrade the data center as frequently as people update the iPhone it? According to Brad revealed that Microsoft bought nearly 100,000 monthly new server 2015 will require massive 100G devices. This is really based on expected or is a fool's paradise?

According to LightCounting database, Ethernet optical transceiver sales rose nearly 30% in 2013.This is the data center of 10 gige and 40 gige components caused by a surge in demand.Demand for these products is still in the early 2014.A big question is: is massive deployment of 100 gige after 1 year or more likely in 5 years?A variety of technical approaches and MSAs for 100GigE data center transmission dazzling. Nevertheless, the transceiver vendors should be able to provide practical 100GigE products in 2015, as fiber optic sfp modulee. 2015 Microsoft will buy more than thousands of such modules do?

A variety of technical approaches and MSAs for 100GigE data center transmission dazzling. Nevertheless, the transceiver vendors should be able to provide practical 100GigE products in 2015, as 10g sfp module. 2015 Microsoft will buy more than thousands of such modules do?

2013 sold more than 500,000 40GigE module, and these links will need 100GigE module. The main problem with this transition is: all 40GigE module for data centers can put four 10GigE collection into one module, with the other end of each phase 10GigE module seamlessly improves port density. Massive deployment of 100GigE (4x25G) will require 25G of data center servers, but there is no such servers.

Microsoft is an example of this problem. Microsoft plans to bulk order 25GigE. Found ignoring IEEE standards. If Microsoft's plan to achieve a, Facebook, Google will follow suit. Internet companies in the competition can be described as tragic. Technological superiority is part of their business strategy. The key question is whether Microsoft's customers can really see the benefits of 100GigE data centers, and how long it takes to achieve.

A related question is whether Google fiber project customers to experience the wonderful place of 1 GBPS broadband access, willing to pay for it?Netflix said their high-definition video on 20 Mbps cable can smooth transmission, so 1 GBPS seems to be redundant.However, AT&T and Google, in a few selected American metropolitan area, actively promote 1 GBPS transmission.Seems to be the Internet company to be afraid of losing customers competitors, try very hard to sell to the customers they don't really need.


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May 20, 2014

Based on the SFP package based digital adjustable optical attenuator

Adjustable optical attenuator (VOA) is an important optical fiber in

optical fiber communication system, a dynamic device, mainly used for

the channel in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system of

power balance, realize gain flat, dynamic gain balance and balance of

the transmission power.And because digital adjustable optical

attenuator control is simple, small volume, good optical performance

and get a bigger development.

Current adjustable optical attenuator has been widely used in the

field of optical communication in communication equipment, general

practice is integrated in the equipment digital adjustable optical

attenuator, through equipment software according to the needs of the

system the attenuation of the adjustable optical attenuator

adjustment, due to VOA integrated into devices, optical path must also

be integrated in the equipment, and fixed, which makes the light path

system is not flexible configuration, and in DWDM systems, different

sites, different transmission capacity is flexible according to the

actual network configuration, and VOA as important configurable device

in the system, not as the system configuration and flexible choice,

the flexibility of the system equipment, increased the system cost.

In the field of optical communications, SFP pluggable transceiver

module as a standard device, because of its small size, mechanical and

optical interface standard unified, flexible and configurable features

such as pluggable, has been widely applied in the system devices. To

make the VOA module could be like sfp transceiver module can be

configured as a flexible application of the device to the system, this

paper presents a VOA module will be integrated into the SFP package,

using standard mechanical and optical SFP interface, so VOA module

could be like fiber optic transceiver module and play, very easy to

achieve light attenuation choice.

As a result of SFP package volume has been greatly restricted, and

based on MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, MEMS) relative to

other types of VOA prominent feature is the small size of VOA's

technology, simple control, and has good optical properties.

Therefore, this article uses MEMS VOA module SFP package digitally

adjustable attenuator.

1. digital MEMS VOACommon MEMS VOA are mirror rotation and

displacement shade, etc.Either type of light power attenuation, is

through the light attenuation and rotation or movement of the MEMS

chips machinery is one-to-one relationship, and in the chip of

mechanical rotating or moving again and add in the voltage on the top

and bottom plates were one-to-one correspondence relationship,

therefore, is one to one correspondence relation between attenuation

and voltage, but the attenuation is not linear relationship to the

driving voltage.In order to realize digital attenuation control, need

to increase the control circuit, advance the attenuation data stored

in the circuit, voltage curve through customer send attenuation

automatically search the corresponding attenuation voltage, then send

to VOA driving circuit, driving circuit and output the corresponding

voltage to VOA, so as to realize the corresponding attenuation, thus

achieve the goal of the digital control.

2. Based on the SFP package based digital adjustable optical

attenuator
SFP-based package represented by the variable optical attenuator

section, the optical module MEMS VOA, part of the LC optical port, an

electrical control unit CU, electrical interface, the structure and

composition shown in Figure.

f:id:siaorry:20140520112837p:plain



In structural terms, the use of standard SFP package

f:id:siaorry:20140520112856j:plain



3 adjustable optical attenuator based on SFP packaging

applicationsAdjustable optical attenuator based on SFP encapsulation

performance indicators and MEMS digital adjustable optical attenuator

indicators are similar, with fast response, good linearity and high

stability, high attenuation, such as optical performance, at the same

time, the adoption of SFP encapsulation, make the digital adjustable

attenuator became an independent optical module, support hot plug and

plug and play, do not need to be integrated into the equipment,

equipment for as long as you set aside SFP interfaces, can according

to the requirements of the system, the flexible configuration need

adjustable attenuator, make the light path system is flexible and

simple, at the same time, because of its flexible configuration, save

the cost of the system net change growth, reducing the overall cost

optical network equipment.

4 conclusionAdjustable optical attenuator based on SFP encapsulation

in optical devices tend to be pluggable optical device of the trend,

with the portable flexible characteristics of 10g sfp module, at the same

time with the traditional similar optical properties to the adjustable

optical attenuator, very suitable for WDM systems is applied to the

complicated equipment, flexible of all kinds of network applications,

therefore has wide application prospect.


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May 19, 2014

The analysis of Optical components market

Given LightCounting report shows that 2013 time components and modules, total sales of more than $4.2 billion, an increase of 9%.From the perspective of the regional distribution of manufacturers, the United States and Japan is the world's main optical device research and development base, China Taiwan, mainland China, Singapore, Thailand is the world's main production base.Shenzhen China's main optical connector production and processing bases.

In 2013, optical devices and data communication module of annual sales growth, the annual growth rate of 20%, while in 2012 was 16%. Telecom optical components and modules market in sleep, 3% growth in 2012 and 2013 only.Telecom market is likely to have a better in 2014.Data show that the data can make rapid response to the global market, and the recovery of telecom market is likely to slow 3-5 quarters.
A short SFP Transceivers + 10 gige sales growth of 26% in 2013.Copper wire and 10 gbase -t (100 m distance) did not increase.SFP + active optical cable in 1-5 m link to compete with straight plug cable.
2013 fast ethernet transceivers growth of 37%, more than $1.3 billion.This will be the biggest market in 2014 plate, but its growth will slow.100 gige module will continue to slow growth in 2014, but the profit growth will moderate level, because the competition among manufacturers can make the prices.
40GigE transceiver sales in 2013 increased by more than three times, mainly like Google has a large data center to its high demand. However 40GigE transceiver market in 2014 may be unstable, because only a few large customers demand for these products.
10 gige module steady growth in sales in 2013, many customers use them in many fields.This is the best of the copper sfp transceiver market in 2013.It should continue to promote the growth of the market in 2014, the instability of potential sales to compensate for the other products.
FTTA, FTTT (Fiber to the tower), distributed antenna system (DAS), cloud and centralized wireless access networks (CRAN) and so on, these facilities with other wireless mobile backhaul and deployment related Fiber optic facilities demand growth, will promote Fiber test equipment market growth.Of course, to promote the growth of fiber-optic test equipment market factors is not limited to this.In addition, the new technology of optical fiber connector will also ACTS as a catalyst for this part of the market.

more...

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